The Pursuer in Alcohol
The French term sommelier derives from the old provincial saumalier, which translates as "pursuer", who was in charge of the supply wagons. This ancient status persisted in the court of Louis IV a century later. Not only did kings drink wine, but they donated land and founded vineyards to monastic organizations. This is the beginning of the period of the vineyards of the abbeys.

The Middle Ages saw the discovery of the best terroirs and the establishment of the stories of renowned places. Burgundy is home to the Clos de Voujout vineyard, followed by Pinot Noir vineyards throughout the region. The British are exposed to Bordeaux clarets and Tuscan reds from Tuscany. A hermit knight established a vineyard destined to become a famous appellation on the top of the Hermitage hill in the Rhone valley. Rhenish Riesling became popular in the Middle Ages and Chianti was introduced.
The first wines of the New World
The period of the Great Geography marks the beginning of the division of the world into the Old and New World. European wines were introduced in Mexico, Brazil and Chile in the 16th century, followed by Russia a century later.

Distillation, which was previously only used for the manufacture of medicines, begins to be used for the manufacture of liqueurs. Rum is made from sugar collected in the colonies; in Europe, brandy and gin have become popular. The practice of adding alcohol to wine seems to have arisen to preserve it during its long sea voyage.